“only” in German – erst, nur, einzige

the difference between erst, nur and einzige in German

 

Hello everyone,

and welcome to another German Word of the Day “What is the difference”-special.
And today, we’ll look at a difference that many of you didn’t even know was a thing that you need to be aware of – the difference  between
erst, nur and einzig

 

All three are translations for only, but they’re not synonyms. Of course. I mean – we’re talking about German, after all. I mean, come on. There’s always more than one word for a thing.

Mixing up erst and nur or einzige and nur is a pretty common mistake learners make, often without realizing. You’ll usually be understood and chances are native speakers won’t tell you because busy switching over to English…. I mean, in Berlin they do that.

But yeah, using the wrong “only” in German sounds pretty bad and it’s definitely a mistakes worth fixing.

Today, we’ll go over each of the three words one by one and see what they mean and when to use which and I’ll also give you a bit of background about the words, because if you know WHY they mean what they mean, it’ll stick in the brain  much better.

So if you’re ready, let’s hop right in.

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“only” in German – erst, nur, einzige - Key Questions

Short version: 'einzige' means the 'only one' and goes with a noun or stands in for one. 'nur' says something is small or limited (or sets a condition, like in 'only if'). 'erst' expresses an idea of 'only so far' with an implied 'more to come'.

Use 'einzige' when you mean the only thing or person. It belongs where English uses the only before a noun or instead of a noun.
- Ich war der einzige Spanier im Deutschkurs.
- I was the only Spanish guy in German class.

Pick 'nur' to say just a small amount or to set a condition. It's your go to for limits and simple conditions.
- Ich habe nur zwei Bier getrunken.
- I only had two beers.

Choose 'erst' when you mean only so far or early in an ongoing process or to say something happens only after something else. It gives a sense that more could follow.
- Ich habe erst zwei Bier getrunken.
- I have only had two beers so far.

It depends. 'nur dann' means that something happens ONLY if a set of conditions is met completely. The focus is on exclusivity. 'erst dann' is more about time, the focus is on 'at what point in time will something happen".

- Du musst das und das tun - nur dann geht die Tür auf.
- You must do this and this - that's the only way to get the door open.

- Du musst das und das tun - erst dann geht die Tür auf.
- You must do this and this - only after that will the door open.