Prefix Verbs Explained – “ankommen”

2 meanings of ankommen

Hello everyone,

and welcome to a new episode of our epic series Prefix Verbs Explained – today with a look at a verb that sounds like uncommon but that isn’t uncommon at all.
Because today, we’ll take a look at

The meanings of “ankommen”

 

Now you might be like “Oh, I know this. It means to arrive. I don’t think I need this lesson.”
But you DO need this lesson. Yes, ankommen does mean to arrive.

But that’s not the only meaning it has. Behold:

  • Ob Thomas bei Maria gut ankommt, kommt drauf an, ob er pünktlich ankommt.
  • Practice pronunciation – click once to start recording and again to stop

Yup, that’s a real sentence.
Ankommen actually has three main meanings:

  • ankommen – to arrive
  • ankommen auf – to depend
  • ankommen (bei) – to be perceived

They sure do seem a bit random, but I promise you – with a bit of mind yoga, they’ll all make sense.
So let’s roll out the Yoga mat  and jump right in :).

***

And we’ll start with a bit of a reveal.

“ankommen” as “to arrive”

That’s obviously not the reveal. Most of you know that they’re translations. What you probably DON’T know is that to arrive is actually a prefix verb as well.
Dun, dun, dun!

It comes from the Latin word arripare and that is itself a  combination for the prefix ad-, which expresses toward and reaching, and the word ripa, which meant shore.  And yes… that’s where the word river is from.
So the original idea of to arrive was to get to shore.
ankommen
is less creative of a construction. It’s kommen with the an adding a notion of touching base after the journey.

Anyway, time for a couple of examples:

  • Das Flugzeug kommt um 6 an.
  • The plane arrives at 6.
  • Ich bin gestern Abend angekommen.
  • Maria arrived/came yesterday evening.
    (note that spoken past goes with “sein”, not “haben” for “ankommen”)

There are a couple of noteworthy differences between ankommen and arrive though.

The first one is that ankommen ONLY works for arriving at actual locations. It does NOT work for arriving at conclusions, decisions or something other abstract.
There are several options for how to do this but generally, kommen is a relatively safe bet.

  • Ich bin zu einer Entscheidung gekommen.
  • I have come to a decision.

The other difference is that ankommen is very commonly used for letters, parcels and emails reaching their destination. To arrive would sound a bit pompous or old school and English typically uses different wordings.

  • Ist meine E-Mail angekommen?
  • Did you get my E-Mail?
    (“Has my mail arrived?”)
  • Practice pronunciation – click once to start recording and again to stop

And another use that to arrive doesn’t really share is the idea of showing up. Like… imagine going to a club where you need to wear a tie but you don’t have one. The bouncer might say this.

  • Ohne Krawatte brauchen Sie hier gar nicht anzukommen.
  • Don’t bother showing up without a tie.
  • Practice pronunciation – click once to start recording and again to stop

Or to give you an even more abstract example… imagine you’re arguing with your partner and they bring up some issue that was already discussed and solved 5 years ago. That’d be a perfect moment to say this:

  • Ach bitte, jetzt komm doch nicht DAMIT an!
  • Oh pleeeease, don’t bring up THAT, ok?
  • Practice pronunciation – click once to start recording and again to stop

Again, the core idea is that you “show up with something” and that’s just an idea that to arrive doesn’t share.
Generally, it is safe to think of ankommen and arrive as translations though. Not a perfect match, but who is, after all.
So, let’s move on to the second ankommen.

“ankommen auf” as “to depend on”

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Ankommen auf translates to to depend on and once again, we have an English prefix verb hidden in plain sight.
To depend is combination of the prefix de- and the Latin verb pendere which simply meant to hang. Just think of pendant or pendulum.

So taken literally, to depend would mean “to hang off of ” and its actual meaning is just a figurative take on that. Just imagine you’re rock climbing and you slip – your life literally hangs on the the rope.
We also have this logic in abhängen von, which is the other German translation of  to depend and which is equally common as ankommen auf.

But what about ankommen auf, why does that mean to depend?

Well, it makes a lot of sense once we think of it as:

“It comes down to…”

We have this notion of where something “lands” (arrives) but it’s used to express the idea of to depend.

Whether or not we get the funding comes down to/depends on this presentation. 

Same idea, expressed through two different metaphors.
And this notion of “coming down to” is actually the key to understanding the difference between abhängen von and ankommen auf.

Both verbs are very common and they’re often interchangeable, but ankommen auf does NOT cover dependencies that are focus on “having a need” for something. Like drugs or a partner or whatever. For that, you do need abhängen, and all the related words like dependent, independent (unabhängig) or dependency (die Abhängigkeit) are based on abhängen.

Ankommen auf has more of a grounded vibe, and in a way, it’s about placing responsibility. 
Let’s look at a few examples to get feel for it maybe.

  • “Kommst du morgen zu meiner Party?”
    “Das kommt darauf an, ob ich arbeiten muss.”
  • “Will you come to my party tomorrow?”
    “That depends on whether I gotta work ?”
    (“hängt davon ab” is also okay)
  • Practice pronunciation – click once to start recording and again to stop

  • “Gibt es in deutschen Bahnhöfen saubere Toiletten?”
    “Das kommt auf den Bahnhof an.”
  • “Are there clean toilets in German train stations.”
    “Depends on the station.”
    (abhängen sounds a little odd here)
  • Practice pronunciation – click once to start recording and again to stop

  •  Oh Gott, ein Meteoroid rast auf die Erde zu. Jetzt kommt alles auf Superman an.
  • Oh god. An asteroid is heading for earth at enormous speed. Now it is all up to Superman.
    (“ankommen” is the much better choice)
  • Practice pronunciation – click once to start recording and again to stop

  • Seriösität ist das wichtigste. Darauf kommt es an.
  • Repute is what’s most important. That is what counts/ All come down to it.
  • Practice pronunciation – click once to start recording and again to stop

Now you might be like “Can’t I just use abhängen all the time?”
Well… yeah, you can of course do that. But it may sound a bit off here and there, and there’s one thing you absolutely NEED ankommen for:

  • (das) Kommt drauf an.
  • It depends. 

Anhängen does NOT work for that.
And yes, you do need to say drauf/darauf. You can’t just skip it. The phrase is ankommen auf, so the auf is “load bearing” here.
And if you’re wondering what case to use, because auf is a two-way preposition that can go with Accusative and Dative: ankommen auf goes with Accusative.

  • Es kommt auf dich an.
  • It depends on you. 

That’s a general trend, by the way. The figurative or abstract use will usually (not always) go with Accusative, while Dative would sound like you’re actually talking about location.

Cool.
So that’s ankommen auf in the sense of to depend or to come down to and you should definitely start using it because it’s super common and sounds super authentic.

Now, let’s move on to the third meaning use of ankommen. It’s nowhere near as important, but it’s good to at least mention it.

“ankommen bei” for “making an impression”

Imagine you go to visit your new partner’s family for the first time.
When they like you, you’ll probably be received very well and you’ll feel welcome. So you “landed” well, if you will.
That’s kind of the logic behind ankommen bei, in the figurative sense of how something “lands” with someone. That can be a movie, an act, a person or just a comment at a meeting.

  • Der Film Joker ist gut angekommen.
  • The movie Joker was well received.
  • Practice pronunciation – click once to start recording and again to stop

  • Eine Bierfahne kommt bei Frauen nicht gut an.
  • Beer breath doesn’t go down well with women.
  • Practice pronunciation – click once to start recording and again to stop

  • Der neue Chef kommt gut an.
  • The new boss is well liked.
  • Practice pronunciation – click once to start recording and again to stop

  • Thomas kommt gut bei Maria an.
  • Maria likes Thomas.
  • Practice pronunciation – click once to start recording and again to stop

As you can see, the precise translation depends on the context, but I think you got the idea.
And so now, we’re actually ready to look at that sentence from the very start again, because now, it’ll make sense.

  • Ob Thomas bei Maria gut ankommt, kommt drauf an, ob er pünktlich ankommt.
  • Practice pronunciation – click once to start recording and again to stop

Did you get it?
Here’s the solution :)

  • Whether Thomas will make a good impression on Maria depends on whether he will arrive in time.

Cool.
Now, those of you who’ve already done a few lesson in this prefix verb series will probably be like “Oh, I think we’ll do the r-version now.” and get really hyped up because everybody loves the r-versions.

And we’ll get to it, I promise. But for completion’s sake, let’s say a couple of other things real quick.

Other Use and Noun

First of, I want to give an honorable mention to ankommen gegen. It’s essentially a fourth meaning for ankommen, but it’s not important enough to get its own section.
Anyway, ankommen gegen means being able to stand your ground against some opposition. That can be a person but also noise or some force of nature. Just think of you walking against very strong wind. The verb does not imply “winning”, but it does imply that you at least don’t get blown away.

  • Seine Stimme kommt gegen den Lärm der Flugzeuge nicht an.
  • His voice doesn’t have a chance against the noise of the airplanes.
  • Practice pronunciation – click once to start recording and again to stop

  • Meine Freundin kann sehr gut diskutieren. Ich komme gegen ihre Argumente selten an.
  • My girlfriend can discuss very well.  I rarely stand a chance against her points.
  • Practice pronunciation – click once to start recording and again to stop

If you’re in B2 level or C1, this use is a nice one to drop in a writing exercise or an exam, because it sounds really distinguished without sounding forced or learned. But if you’re a beginner, feel free to ignore it. I know, I know… you want to remember everything. But you cannot. It’s too much.

And you also don’t really have to make an effort to remember the noun die Ankunft, which means the arrival. You’ll see and hear it in train stations and airports, and in your sat-nav car system if you set it to German, but it’s not really something you need to use actively all that much. Well, I guess “geschätzte Ankunftszeit” (ETA) is a nice tongue twister.
And it’s worth remembering that -kunft is indeed based on the verb kommen. Most Germans don’t  know this, but you as a learner find some really interesting connections with that. Like die Zukunft for instance, which means … but I’ll leave that connection up to you to make :).
Anyway, r-version, let’s do it and then wrap it up.

The Meaning of “rankommen”

No big surprises here. As usual, the r-version is a very literal, “spatial” take on the combination of verb and prefix and rankommen means “to reach” in the sense of being able to “touch”.

  • Kannst du mir das Glas vom Regal geben? Ich komme nicht ran.
  • Can you give me the glass down from the shelf? I can’t reach it.

German also has erreichen for this kind of reaching but it would sound WAY too epic for such a mundane context. rankommen really is the way to go here.

And it actually also works in more figurative senses.

  • Einhornhaare?! Wie bist du da rangekommen??
  • Unicorn hair?! How did you get a hold of that??
  • Deine Präsentation war so gut, da komme ich nicht ran.
  • Your presentation was so good, I can’t reach that level.

And then, rankommen and drankommen are actually ALSO used colloquially in the sense of someone or something getting their turn. Imagine you sit in a waiting room for instance, and then you’re called up. Or you have a lesson series and a topic is on the agenda next time.

  • Ich weiß nicht, wie lange es dauert, bis ich (d)rankomme.
  • I don’t know how long it’ll take till it’s my turn.

So actually, we have quite a few figurative uses for an r-version. It’s definitely a colloquial verb, but it’s quite common actually, so it’s worth adding to your active vocabulary. Just wait till you see it a few times and then start using it. It won’t be long.

And I think that’s it for today. Hooray!

This was our look at the various meanings of the prefix verb ankommen.

As always, if you want to recap the most important points and see how much you remember, you can take the little quiz I have prepared for you.
And of course, if you have any questions or suggestions, just leave me a comment.
I hope you liked it and see you next time.

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