“anfallen” – Prefix Verbs Explained

After  a long and exhausting day

in the fields of language, the learner sits on a hill under a tree, gazing at the sun as it slowly turns the horizon into a painting of red and yellow and gold. It’s been a long day, working on German is hard labor. But now it is time for the much deserved rest.
Somewhere, in the distance, a shepherd is playing the flute.
Something rustles in the tree. The learner looks up, but sees nothing. Probably just the wind, calm down, the learner says to himself. He bites his grass stalk a little faster than before.
There it was again, the rustling. Probably just the wind. But the air is still. The learner looks around. Silence. The flute has stopped. The sun has stopped, too. And then, suddenly, the learner knows. Part of him had known from the first rustling. His grandmother had been right. There was no escaping.
Slowly, he turns upward to face what he knew was lurking – a German Prefix Verb, mouth gaping, like a gateway to hell as it screeches at the learner.
He recognizes it. It is

anfallen

 

The learner feels a bit of relief. Anfallen is an especially aggressive specimen, but not too cunning. And the learner had read about it just a few days ago. Quickly, he tries to recollect what he’d read …

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German Grammar • Vocabulary • Etymology

“anfallen” – Prefix Verbs Explained - Key Questions

'Anfallen' can mean 'to attack', but mainly for an animal attacking its prey. It has a very wild, visceral notion and the normal word for "attack" is "angreifen". The noun "der Anfall" is "attack" for things like "panic" or "stroke". Besides that, "anfallen" can also mean "to turn on, to be on the agenda" for tasks and costs. Think of them falling onto a pile in front of you.

'Anfallen' is mainly used for animals attacking prey or people, while 'angreifen' is the general term for all types of attacks, including verbal ones and metaphorical contexts.

The noun form is 'der Anfall', which refers to a sudden attack or fit, often related to internal experiences like seizures or emotional outbursts.

The adjective 'anfällig' describes susceptibility or a lack of defense, indicating how easily someone can be affected or harmed.

An example sentence is: 'Zum ersten mal seit 10 Jahren hat hier ein Hai einen Surfer angefallen.' (For the first time in 10 years a shark has attacked a surfer.)

The second meaning of 'anfallen' relates to tasks or duties that need to be dealt with, often used in work and planning contexts, like discussing tasks that arise during a meeting.