Word of the Day – “sparen”

Hello everyone,

and welcome to our German Word of the Day. This time, we’ll take a look at something that Germans really love.
Which one of these three do you think it is:

a) Bier
b) making smartass comments and remarks noone asked for
c) sparen

The answer is of course,  that Germans love all these three things equally.
But today, we’ll look at the meaning of

sparen

Sparen is the German brother of English to spare and the two do share a core idea, which is pretty well captured by the phrase to not touch.
But the two verbs have different takes on it, and as a result, they’re not really translations. I mean, sometimes they are, but just as often they’re not.
So let’s take a look.

As per usual, I told my interns to do some research into the history of the word.
But instead of a nice, concise overview, I got an email back with this:

“Pay us!”

Like… what does that even mean?
Anyway, I did my own research of course, but the origin is pretty confusing and it’s not really that revealing anyway. So let’s focus on the meanings first and then maybe have origin as a nice, dry dessert :).

As I said in the intro, the core idea is to not touch. And German sparen has basically modified that into not using resources, not spending. Or in one word … to save.

• “Kommst du mit ins Spa?”
  “Nee, ich muss sparen.”
• “Do you want to come to the Spa?”
  “No, I have to save money.”
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• Spar dich reich – jetzt als Premiumkunde anmelden und bei jedem Einkauf bares Geld sparen.
• “Save yourself wealthy” – Sign up now as a premium customer now and save hard cash with every grocery shopping.
  (is the an idiomatic way to say “Spar dich reich”… the idea is that you make yourself rich through saving money”
  Oh and also… Is there a more slick way to say “grocery shopping”)?
  
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• “Warum wäschst du dir nicht die Hände, nachdem du auf Toilette warst?”
  “Ich will Wasser sparen.”
• “Why are you not washing your hands after you’ve been to the toilet?
  “I want to save water.”
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Saving money… that way of saying it is actually kind of cute, when you think about it. Like, your money is like “Oh no, please, I don’t want to go to Jeff Bezos.” and you are like:
“I’m sorry, money. I’m sorry I can’t save all of you. But I can save SOME of you!”
as you heroically click on “sort by price”.
But anyway, so sparen is THE word for saving resources like money, water or energy.
And there are lots of related words that revolve around that idea…

• Maria hat ein bisschen was gespart. /… hat Ersparnisse.
• Maria has some savings.
  
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• Mein Auto ist extrem sparsam.
• My car is extremely fuel efficient.
  
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• Maria schenkt Thomas zum Geburtstag ein Sparschwein/eine Spardose.
• Maria has a piggy bank/coin bank.
  
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• Die Deutschen sind  Sparweltmeister.
• Germans are world champions in savings.
  
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Not sure if the last one is absolutely true, but German households do sparen like crazy. So much so, that I think it’s fair to say it is part of the German culture. Germans don’t like debt, mistrust the stock market and tend to have cash hidden somewhere. We’re really really old school there.

Cool.
So I think the meaning of sparen is pretty clear. But there is also a version with a self refrence, sich sparen. And that has a slightly different focus.

sich sparen

Let’s look at an example. Thomas came home really late recently, which led to a heated argument with Maria. And just in case you’re wondering… I know that because I am wire-tapping their home, of course, and I do that because there are always great examples to be found.

• “Ich… ich musste Überstunden machen, und dann kam die Bahn nicht. Deshalb bin ich so spät.”
  “Deine Ausreden kannst du dir sparen, Thomas.  Du riechst nach Frauenparfum.”
• “I … I had to do long hours and then the train didn’t come. That’s why I am so late.”
  “Save/keep your excuses (for yourself), Thomas.  You smell of women’s perfume.”
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It looks very similar to what we’ve seen so far, but the focus is slightly different. Maria doesn’t want to help Thomas conserve his precious stack of excuses. She tells him not to bother.  And that’s the core idea of sich sparen. People use it in the sense of not “touching” some sort of hassle.
Let’s look at some examples. And just for the protocol… it is a Dative self reference :)

• Spar dir den Weg in die Küche. Es gibt kein Bier mehr.
• Save/spare yourself the way to the kitchen. There’s no more beer.
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• “Ich glaube, das Duschen spar ich mir heute.”
• “I think I’ll spare myself the shower today.”
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• “Wie war der Millionär-Mind Event?”
  “Sinnlos… das hätte ich mir sparen können.“
• “How was the Millionaire Mind Event?”
  “Pointless… that was a waste of time.”
  Lit.: I could have spared myself that.
  
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Especially the last one… “Das hätte ich mir sparen können!” is SUPER common and I really recommend adding it as a phrase to your active vocabulary.
Now, you probably noticed that I used to spare as a translation here. This whole idea of  “not touching ” in the sense of not harming, avoiding trouble is actually the core idea of to spare, and that’s why it can occasionally work as a translation.
But the differences between German sparen and to spare are too big to really call them translations.

Translating “(to) spare”

First of, in English you can spare someone something, meaning you don’t “expose” them to it. That does NOT work with sparen.
If you want to do that, you need ersparen.
Let’s go back to the argument between Maria and Thomas again…

• Spare me your excuses.
• Spar mir deine Ausreden ….    same looks, but NOPE!
• Spar dir deine Ausreden…        yes, same sense.
• Erspar mir deine Ausreden…  yes, same sense and same grammar

So basically, if you spare yourself something, the verb is sich sparen, if you spare someone else something, then the verb is ersparen.

• “Ich habe mir heute wieder die Dusche gespart.”
  “Gott sei Dank hast du Home- Office. Das erspart uns deinen Geruch.”
• “Today, I again spared myself the shower.”
  “Thank God, you’re doing home office. That spares us your smell.”
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There’s actually another option for sparing someone something: the verb verschonen mit.

• Verschone mich mit deinen Ausreden.
• Spare me  your excuses.
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And the good thing about this one is that it’s also a translation for the “bare” to spare, in the sense of not touching, harming.

• Das Einhorn verschont das Eichhörnchen.
• The unicorn spares the squirrel.
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• Nur ein Haus wurde vom Tornado verschont.
• Only one house was spared by the tornado.
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These would absolutely NOT work with sparen or ersparen, and it would sound so confusing that I’m not even sure a native speaker would understand.
Cool.
Now, besides the verb to spare there’s also the adjective spare. Like… a spare pair of glasses or some spare time. The meaning ties in with the core theme of  not touched, not used, and the translation … really depends on context. It can be frei (free) or übrig (left) or extra (extra)… but it’s NOT gonna be anything with sparen.

• Hey Festival-Leute, ich habe ein extra Zelt, falls einer eins braucht.
• Hey festival people, I have a spare tent/tent spare, in case someone needs one.
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Oh and now looking at this adjective, I realized there was another use for the verb to spare.

• Does anyone have a beer to spare?

Again, the core theme of “not touch” fits perfectly, but focus here is on sharing the item, not keeping it.
And again… the translation is NOT going to be anything with sparen. Teilen (to share) is an option, or abgeben (give away) but at least in casual contexts, people would probably use zuviel. At least in this example.

• Hat jemand ein Bier zuviel?
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Now, this was quite a bit of information, and honestly… you don’t really have to remember all of that. What you should take with you is the meaning of sparen,  sich sparen and ersparen that it’s usually NOT a good translation for to spare, even though the verbs seem to have the same core idea.

And I think that’s it for t… what… oh… you want the origin?
Right, I completely forgot about that.
So yeah…. because my interns are feeling tough in home-office, I did some digging myself and it was kind of confusing.
On the one side, sources mention an unsettlingly ancient Indo-European root *sphē-, which expressed an idea of growth, fattening and success, all captured in another famous offspring of the root: the Latin based to prosper. That makes sense because if you “don’t touch/harm/use” something, it can prosper.
But then, they also mention the old Germanic root *spara- as the more direct ancestor and that meant something like scarce, frugal, sparingly. And that makes sense too. If resources are scarce, you need to sparen.  But I really couldn’t fathom how these two notions connect. The best I could find was that the notion of growth has shifted toward spreading and from there it went to spreading thin. Makes some kind of sense but it’s quite a bit of mind bending, no doubt.
But as I said, it’s not really that helpful. I really only mentioned the origin because I was kind of surprised that there was a connection to to prosper and I kind of wanted to share that little reveal.

Anyway, I think that’s it for today. This was our look at the meaning of sparen and its English brother to spare. As always, if you want to recap and check how much you remember, just take the little quiz I have prepared for you.
And of course, if you have any questions or thoughts or additions about this, just leave me a comment.
I hope you liked it and see you next time.

** vocab **

sparen – save, economize 

die Ersparnis – the amount saved (for resources)
die Ersparnisse – the savings (primarily money)
das Sparschwein – the piggy bank
sparsam – sparingly, frugal, resource-efficient

das Sparbuch – the savings account

sich etwas sparen – not bother doing something
ersparen – to spare someone something (jemandem etwas ersparen)
verschonen (mit) – to spare someone (something) , in sense of “not harm”

Das hätte ich mir sparen können. – That was a waste of time/effort. (really common phrase)