Hello everyone, 
and welcome to our German Word of the Day. This time we will take a close look at the meanings and mechanics of the great word :
nachdenken (pron.: nug dancken for now)
Nachdenken… hmmmm… how could I explain that…. let’s see… it is, what the person on the picture does…
What?
Noooooo! It is not to punch oneself in the face. So I guess I should do a real effort in explaining.
Nachdenken is composed of the basic verb denken and the preposition nach. Denken basically means to think and nach… well the word itself means a lot of thing but here it doesn’t really precisely mean anything. It’s just a prefix. Not satisfied? Well then, nach means to and after and according to and past and for and… just a prefix is fine? Cool.
Nachdenken is sort of the brother of denken, and it is translated to to think in many occasions but the 2 words are definitely not synonymous to a German native. Other possible translations for nachdenken besides ‘to think’ are ‘to ponder’ and ‘to reflect on’. However, Pons.de doesn’t even list these ones … never trust a dictionary.
Anyway, to understand the difference between denken and nachdenken let’s look at how the words are used. Denken is first of all the general act of thinking, so this is what humans can do while animals can not. As René Go-Cart said…
- Ich denke, also bin ich.
- I think, therefore I am.
Denken is also used in sense of having an opinion or an idea:
- Was denkst du über den Film?
- What do you think of/about the movie?
- Was denkst du, wer wird der nächste Präsident?
- What do you think, who is going to be the next president?
- “Hast du morgen Zeit?” “Ich denke, ja!” “Super!”
- “Got time tomorrow? “I think so.” “Awesome!”
Denken can also mean to remember, at times:
- Denk daran, dass du morgen schon um 7 aufstehen musst!
- Remember, that you have to get up at 7 already tomorrow!
Nachdenken on the other hand is usually thinking about one certain question. Suppose it is Friday night and your best friends ask you if you want go to the bar with them. Naturally this is a tough call and it sure is not something you could decide immediately as you also have lots of German learn and the kitchen sink is filled with sponge-hungry dishes. So clearly some meditation on the matter is necessary and you might answer by saying:
- Hmm, klingt gut, aber lasst mich kurz nachdenken.
- Hmm, sound good, but let me think about it for a minute.
In this situation you are not just thinking, you are pondering a problem. A similar example that involves pondering and still you wouldn’t really ‘ponder’ the issue in English is the following:
- Ich denke darüber nach, mir die Haare zu schneiden.
- I am thinking about getting a new haircut.
So the main meaning of nachdenken is to think as a soft, rather brief pondering. If you have really been pondering on something I guess you need to add the term long to nachdenken:
- Ich habe lange darüber nachgedacht, und dann habe ich schließlich meinen Job gekündigt.
- I have been pondering on it, and I eventually quit my job.
So whenever there is a decision to make, nachdenken describes the thought process before. If you propose something to someone you can always say:
- Denk darüber nach!
- Think about it!
The word denken does not work in situations like these.
Nachdenken is also used in situation where you try to remember something you just can’t think of. You have put your car key somewhere but you don’t know where. You sit in class and the teacher has asked you something you should know. The thinking you need to do in these situations is also nachdenken and not just plain denken.
- Denk mal scharf nach… wo hast du den Schlüssel hingelegt!
- Think real hard man… where have you put the key!
So to recap: denken is to think in sense of having an opinion or an idea and to remember as in to think of. Nachdenken is to think about something as in to ponder on it and to consciously think in order to come to a result.
Nachdenken is also considered a free time activity of sorts. So if someone asks you what you have done the last 2 hours it is totally fine to say:
- Ach, ich hab ein bisschen nachgedacht.
- Oh, I was just contemplating a bit.
People might ask, what you were thinking about but you don’t have to say it.
As usual we will finish the whole thing with a little grammar.
Denken mainly comes with 3 prepositions: denken an, denken über and denken von. The first one means to direct ones thought to a certain subject while the other 2 both mean to have the opinion on a certain matter.
- Ich denke an meine Freundin.
- I think of my girlfriend.
- Ich denke etwas über einen Film.
- I think something about a movie.
If nachdenken comes with a preposition, it is always going to be über.
- Thomas denkt über etwas nach.
- Thomas thinks about something.
Note that the last example does absolutely not work with just denken. It sounds weird and incomplete.
Back to the grammar. Both verbs denken and nachdenken built their spoken past with haben. The ge-form is kind of a free spirit as it has CHANGING CONSONANTS. Weeeeeird. Now if that ain’t crazy stuff, I don’t know what is.
- Ich habe gedacht.
- Ich habe nachgedacht.
Denken is one of the few verbs for which you can also use the real past in spoken language. The past stem is dachte so it is:
- Ich dachte – I thought
- Du dachtest – you thought
- Er dachte – he thought
- …
The most common noun related to denken is der Gedanke which is the thought.
And now to wrap this up here is one of the best phrasings to scare your partner with. Put on a serious face, use a neutral voice and slowly say:
- Du (meaningful break) … Ich habe nachgedacht.... … …
The silence will be very heavy. It has the same effect as “I must to tell you something… … … ” or even better “We need to talk … … … ” :)
So this was our German Word of the Day. I hope you enjoyed it and see you next time.
Wie immer ist diese Beitrag auch sehr lustig. Ich lache oft auf, da seiner Blog nie seriös wird. Zum Beispiel, Ihrer lezter Satz. Ich will jetzt diesen Satz nutzen, aber es gibt niemand um mich, wer den Witz verstehen kann. Auf jedem Fall ist es wieder ein schöner Beitrag. Danke!
Soll ich mal korrigieren ? :)
another great article! I was just wondering if you could explain the difference between denken and meinen, when used in the sense of to think. thanks again!
ohhh that is hard… I’d say “meinen” is shifted toward “what is your opinion on that” while “denken” is “what are your thoughts on that” if that makes any sense… and denken is more common in statements at least in northern Germany because “meinen” has so many other meanings that might confuse your message. So I’d say stick with “denken” for “to think”
wonderful. thank you!
A couple quick questions:
Your example:
“Was denkst du über dem Film?”
Why is Film in the dative case in this example?
Also, with regards to using the past-form of “denken” in conversation. When looking at the real past (dachte) compared to the conversational past (hat gedacht), is one form more commonly used in conversation than the other? Just curious.
Thanks, as always.
You’re totally right. It’s “über den Film”. Danke :).
As for the past of “denken”… this is actually one of the few verbs where both are equally fine and mean the same, at least to me. I use both ways and I think I decide just by flow or what comes to mind first. It might be different in other regions though as the further south you go the less “real past” you’ll find.
Hi, German-is-easy moderator!
As a student of this site, I have noticed that at times some English sentences could be translated better to suit the speech of localized English.
For example;
“Denk daran, dass du morgen schon um 7 aufstehen musst!”
I personally have trouble remembering this sentence as:
“Remember, that you have to get up at 7 already tomorrow!”
Although this would be comprehensible, it just sounds too foreign and odd to my native ears. I would suggest something along the lines of:
“Remember that already, you gotta get up tomorrow at 7!”
I would contend that the “already” is the main idea of the sentence and therefore, should be highlighted like this from the beginning to give it more emphasis. Also, it just sounds more natural for me to hear it this way than the translation you gave. There are dozens of sentences like this all across the website which I have noticed could use a tune-up of this kind. I am too lazy to point them all out, but I think this gives you a general idea of what some people might think…
I hope I did not offend you, I’m just trying to get my opinion across on the matter.
Love the site, keep on Germanizing!:)
It’s definitely possible that some translations are off sometimes. I am not a native speaker and I don’t have much contact with the language other than books and youtube so I am on shaky ground when it comes to being idiomatic. And sometimes I go for a somewhat literal translation, if I think the idiomatic version would be too different.
As for the example though… I think you misunderstood my sentence… might be my problem with translating “already”. The version you suggested sounds to me like the “already” is referring to the “remembering”… like adding some urgency or express impatience. The German version is totally different. The “schon” refers to the time at which the person has to get up…. like… usually I get up at 9 but that day I have to get up at 7 already. So the “schon” expresses that 7 is early compared to the “norm”
Can I even express that using “already”? “schon” seems to be much broader than “already” and I’m still not sure when “already” is a translation. I had a similar example with a meeting
– The meeting will start already at 11.
and I was told that it doesn’t work. So how would I express that “waking up at 7” is early? Any ideas?
Vielen Dank :)
English would normally leave the ‘already’ out of the translation unless you want to be really umgangsprächlich (enough already! Get up already!).
To me this sounds the most natural, “Remember that you have to get up early at 7 tomorrow!” And “The meeting will start early at 11”. Both of those indicate that the times 7 and 11 are earlier than the typical wake-up and meeting times.
I am not a native English speaker but my gut feeling about this kind of ´schon´ is as follows:
´Denk daran, dass du morgen schon um 7 aufstehen musst!´
´Remember that you have to get up as early as 7 tomorrow!´
or another example would be:
´Es ist unglaublich, dass diese Hypothese schon vor 2000 Jahren bewiesen wurde.´
´It´s incredible that this hypothesis was proved as early as 2000 years ago.´
There are, of course, other ´schons´ and a whole bunch of other particles that are hard to understand, especially at a beginner´s level. My advise for everyone out there that´s just starting out with German is to just ignore them. Because they can´t be understood, only felt. Frankly speaking, I don´t even know what ´doch´ is and at this point I don´t even care {well I do know to use it if someone tells me ´du kannst kein Deutsch!´ .. ´Doch, doch!´ :)) }
So I just focus on things like grammar, sentence structure and most importantly vocabulary. Because vocabulary CAN be understood and the more words and expressions you know and understand, the better and easier you get to feel stuff like ´doch´, since these particles derive their meaning from context, that is to say from the words and expressions near them ;)). Wanting to learn German and starting with ´doch´ ist just like wanting to be a doctor and instead of starting with human anatomy, you start with the handwriting.
But this is just my opinion, I might be wrong of course about the whole thing and also the about the translation ;))
No, I think you’re perfectly right :)… of course everyone always wants to sound like a native speaker and so on but misusing particles sounds much worse than not using them at all. It’s like a CGI-face that really tries to look realistic but of course the human perception is incredibly well trained and recognizes everything. and instead of being impressive because it’s so close to realism the face becomes uncanny…. and a misplaced “doch” can be just as irritating even if it should logically fit.
Interesting question.
These particles in German are always subjects of debate wherever I go. On different language forums I usually get the response that these modal particles have to be dealt with on a case-by-case basis, since they have different effects on the sentence depending on context and their position and such…
I don’t know too much about particles other than there are numerous books and online grammar lessons which focus solely on modal particles in and of themselves.
One surefire way to have some understanding of particles in my opinion would be to look at already established examples of their usage in dictionaries. For instance, my Larousse Ger-En dictionary gives the following:
schon adv. 1. [bereits] already;
> wir essen heute schon um elf Uhr we’re eating earlier today, at eleven o’clock
In this example, no ‘already’ was necessary, since other words were used to convey the meaning.
> er ist schon lange hier he’s been here for a long time
Notice how ‘already’ has also been omitted completely. I’m not sure if it could have been included or not, but this translation sounds good enough to me nonetheless.
Also on wikipedia, they give the following;
> Ich kenne mich in Berlin aus. Ich war doch letztes Jahr schon dort. (“I know my way around Berlin. I was here last year, after all/as a matter of fact.”)
So sometimes “schon” can even be translated as “after all/as a matter of fact”.
As for “The meeting will start already at 11.”, I think it is a matter of the overall idea and usage. English and German sometimes try to state the same ideas, but with different word usages. This can be observed most often in movie subtitles. I have noticed that in some German movies, the English subbed sentence will use a different choice of words to convey the same effect. Although it might sound perfectly normal to hear the literal German version of “The meeting will start already at 11.” auf Deutsch, the wording may be altered in English to better suit the speech of casual English. Personally, this example might be like two sides of the same coin. I, myself, do not really see too much of a problem with this choice of words to convey that the meeting will start today at 11, rather than at the usual time of 10 or whatever. But I can see how some other native English speakers might have a problem understanding it. Therefore, like I stated above, it might sometimes be better to use what I like to call, the “movie subbing technique”. Just pretend you are subtitling this sentence for English speakers as if it were a motion picture, and simplify it for the movie goers.
Deutsch Film;
The meeting will start already at 11. (Das Meeting wird schon bei 11 starten.)???
Englisch Untertitel.
The meeting will (now) be starting at 11 today.
Today, the meeting will be starting at 11.
The meeting is going to start already at 11.
The meeting will be commencing at 11.
And as for “Denk daran, dass du morgen schon um 7 aufstehen musst!”, I still think that my translation did and does convey the idea that tomorrow at 7 is unusually early to get up, compared to prior days. It’s just that I altered the word order a bit to emphasis that the ‘already’ does in fact mean “unexpected, surprisingly early”, etc…
Maybe someone with more experience in translation can offer their suggestions as well.
So…. The difference between nachdenken und überlegen….?
“Nachdenken” is much more close to pondering while “überlegen” is for rather short thinkings
– “Wie heißt der Film?”
“Hmmm… lass mich überlegen.”
– “What’s the movie called?”
“Hmmm .. let me think.”
– “Ich muss über mein Leben nachdenken”
“I have to think about/reflect on/ponder my life”
You could use “nachdenken” in the first example but “überlegen” wouldn’t work in the second. Also because “überlegen” is rarely ever connected with nouns, but only with activities
– Ich denke über eine Sache nach.
– I think about a thing.
– Ich überlege, wie/wann/wo/warum… ich etwas mache.
– I think about how /when/where/why… I do something.
Hope that helps.
Hi about the phrase “Denk daran, dass du morgen schon um 7 aufstehen musst!”
Did you mean or does ‘schon’ here mean “Remember you need to wake up at 7 on the dot / 7’o clock sharp!” Am considering another scenario. Supposing there previously wasn’t much clarity on whether you had to wake up at 7 and then at some point later 7’o clock is the confirmed time, then I suppose they’d say “Remember you need to wake up at 7 itself.” Hope that’s what ‘schon’ here means.
Nah.. the “schon” expresses that 7 is earlier than usual. Ultimately, it’s the whole achievement- idea at work. Like… wow, 7 already, so early.
I would have loved to have an example of denken von…
Here you go:
– Was denkst du von mir?
– What kind of person do you think I am?/What are your thoughts on me?
Me personally, I don’t use that combination very often but I made a quick Google search and based on that I’d say it’s as common as “denken über”… at least for people, anyway.
There’s an important grammatical difference… one uses Dative and one Accusative:
– Ich denke etwas über dich.
– Ich denke etwas von dir.
Hope that helps.
Thanks!! That was great!!!
Great article! A common pattern that I noticed while reading this, is it seems denken seems to be used when asking people what their thoughts/opinions are (they already have them), while nachdenken is used more to develop those thoughts/opinions.
Heute Abend denke ich über den Film nach.
(Am nächsten Tag)
Hallo Daniel, was denkst du über den Film?
Ah! Ich habe gerade darüber nachgedacht! Ich denke, dass der sehr philosophisch war.
Does this make sense?
Totally! This is great actually. Super short but super effective way to capture the usage difference. Thanks a lot.
Glad to be of help – your blog has helped me tremendously! Thanks!
Hi German is easy
In your example
Hmm, klingt gut, aber lasst mich kurz nachdenken.
Hmm, sound good, but let me think about it for a minute.
I believe the sentence is: aber lasst mich kurz nachzudenken or something like that. Lasst = Let so it is another rule or it is equal to English.
Thanks
It’s definitely “Lasst mich nachdenken” without “zu”. This “lassen” works like a modal verb. And it’s the same in ENglish…. it’s “Let me think” and not “Let me to think”.
Hope that helps
Hi,
thanks for this recap of “nachdenken”. Now I know that I should not use “already” as I sometimes do in English. (as early as, or just somehow early, cool)
I see you cut short this time with the related words section. I would like to add “nachdenklich”. That does not often mean “thoughtful” as some dictionaries might suggest. So: “How thoughtful of you.” is not: “Wie nachdenklich von dir.” but rather: “Wie aufmerksam von dir.”
“nachdenklich” basically means “with a lot of pondering” or “full of pondering”.
“Das stimmt mich nachdenklich.” = “That makes me think.”
“Er sieht mich nachdenklich an.” = “He looks at me pondering.”
“Sie verfielen in nachdenkliches Schweigen.” = “They fell into a pondering silence.”
That makes me think (the pun is obviously intended and not funny at all.), when these words are actual translations of each other. I had a similar problem with “Lust” and “desire” before. Maybe you can help.
PS: That makes me realise that you probably did not mention “nachdenklich” because it is not easy to translate.
Nice observation about “nachdenklich” …. things like this are always the danger with translations. You see the translation “thoughtful” and you think “oh, this fits” but then you totally forgot about that other use of “thoughtful” where the German word doesn’t fit at all.
So “thoughtful” is a translation for “nachdenklich” in sentences like “You look thoughtful” but if I had to pick just one translation I think “pensive” is actually a really good match. What I don’t know is how common it is and how whether or not it sounds too high brow.
What exactly is the issue with “Lust” and “desire”? Do you want to know an example where Lust translates to desire?
Not really. It is just that for some words in many translators there is a number one translation for an English word (or a German one into English) and you have to fight your way to find a situation where this “number one” really is a translation of the word.
“Lust” and “desire” were such an example. Most times “desire” is better translated with “Wunsch” and “Lust” is better translated with “urge” or “craving” but if I look at some common translators, bamm, “Lust” = “desire” (Häh?!).
The same occured to me with “thoughtful” and “nachdenklich” now. Because as you said “nachdenklich” is often not “thoughtful” since that is translated as “aufmerksam” or “vorausdenkend”. I mean “nachdenklich” is thinking about past events and “thoughtful” is thinking about future events or just thinking in general. So you would need a situation where the time is not important. Like if you are using it as an adverb like in your example (I think it would be “thoughtfully” though), when the verb already gets you the time.
It would be an interesting new rubric for your website: “Two words and why they are the ‘best’ translations but are never translated to each other.” or something like that.
PS: The time difference is how I explained it to myself, when I did some pondering about it. Maybe I am completely off there and “thoughtful” actually has a much broader meaning.
I always think of words as sort of a multidimensional, randomly shaped cloud. This cloud can stretch over various meanings with sometimes unrelated ideas. Areas that in another language are covered by parts of two clouds, and they in turn might extent into territory that is totally not part of the cloud of the German word. Each cloud has a centroid (don’t know how well you know statistics…. imagine doing a PCR on all the meanings of “anstellen”). That’s what I mean by “core”. And this core is not always one of the senses the word is used for but it makes sense for all of them. And these centroids rarely match from one language to the other. Sure, water and Wasser have really similarly shaped clouds but “Lust” and “desire” for instance don’t. They just roughly cover areas of “wanting”. The more sexual “Lust”, I would translate as either “lust” or indeed desire or even passion, the more standard Lust as in “Ich habe keine Lust”, I wouldn’t translate at all. “Lust haben” is pretty much a fixed phrasing with a certain vibe and “desire” just doesn’t really fit, most of the time anyway. “I don’t feel like it” is much closer. But okay… when you really don’t want to, the following two would be good translations, I think.
– Ich habe absolut KEINE Lust, Überstunden zu machen, also lass uns bitte konzentrieren.”
– I have absolutely no desire to do extra hours so let’s please concentrate.”
There was no real point to my text, just some thoughts :).
I thank you anyway. The cloud atlas of a word, haha. I think I understand what you mean. “Mengenlehre” is not really my best forte but I study mathematics so, yes, I think I understand statistics (or the fields of functional algebra or algebraic numbers theory for that matter) better than the general public. Maybe I wish the translators of several websites would too. So that they wouldn’t put the word with the smallest, ähm (Schnittmenge?) – intersection set(thanks leo) on the first position.
Oh god, yes… I really don’t understand why Leo doesn’t do that. It really makes it unusable, in my opinion.
Oh, sorry. I misunderstood your example at first. If you describe a person the words also fit, good. Does the thing with the time still works though? I mean in: “Du siehst nachdenklich aus.”/”Du erscheinst nachdenklich.” = “You look thoughtful.” It just about the thinking not what this thinking is about. I am not quiet satisfied with the German wording. Normally you say “Du siehst so aus, als würdest du über etwas nachdenken.” Or “Du wirkst (aber ganz schön) nachdenklich (heute).” Yes, “wirken” here. “Du wirkst nachdenklich.” = “You seem thoughtful.”
Anyway, thank you for helping me with your example. I almost thought there was not any situation where the two words translate without confusion.
Sorry, for the rambling.
I know this article is quite old now (Emmanuel, your English has improved considerably in the last 4 years!), but I wanted to offer an extremely literal translation for the last “boyfriend/girlfriend” sentence: “So…I’ve been thinking.” This is 100% the likeliest line you would hear in this situation when your significant other is about to drop a bombshell. I think the present perfect progressive (gotta love English verb forms) expresses this quite nicely, as the construction seems to imply frequent, careful deliberation and a recent (and ultimate) determination.
Cool, sounds like it really is a good fit, danke :)
Vielen Dank für einen tollen (und lustigen) Artikel!
Gerne :)