Prepositions are words that express the relations between and entity and an activity or another entity. That can be in the spatial domain, but also in all kinds of abstract ways.
German and English have a LOT of prepositions, compared to Spanish for instance. Many of them look similar in German and English, but their meanings and uses rarely line up, so it’s better to not get too hung up on what the dictionary says.
German prepositions are always followed by a case (mostly Dative or Accusative) but to complicate things further, an important group of them can go with Dative OR Accusative depending on context and what you want to express. Lots of fun waiting for you :)
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