müssen

1.

must, to have to

(Note that "nicht müssen" means "don't have to" and NOT "must not". That would be "nicht dürfen".)
Examples
  • Muss ich das jetzt wirklich tun?
  • Do I really have to do this now?

Word Family

Knowing relations between words can help understand their meanings and build a more connected vocabulary network. Here, you can explore parents and offspring and discover the whole family.

  • shows how many children or parents the word has
  • get the translations and a link
Loading word family…
Sources for Etymology:

My Articles

German Present Tense – haben, sein and Modal Verbs

German has a few "irregular" verbs - haben, sein and wissen, and the modal verbs können, wollen, müssen, dürfen, sollen and mögen. Today, we do present tense.

Vocab: haben, sein, wollen, können, mögen, dürfen, sollen, müssen, wissen

Read article →

Stand-Alone Modal Verb – Authentic Sounding German

In spoken German, modal verbs don't always come with a second verb. And that doesn't always mean that it's skipped. A great way to sound more natural.

Read article →

Questions and Comments

Do you have questions about the usage or meaning of “müssen”? Just ask here and I’ll try to clear it up.

guest

4 Comments
Newest
Oldest

johnathanflaker
johnathanflaker

Is it right to think that müssen used in an auxilliary way implies a ‘hard’ a form of must; like one has got to ….
whereas if it is transitional it is ‘softer’?

johnathanflaker
johnathanflaker
Reply to  Emanuel
  1. you must stop at a red light, it is the law! [hard]
  2. you must have needed that drink! [soft]

Perhaps my question is nonsense i have picked up from somewhere.

How many meanings does the German word 'müssen' have?

müssen has 1 distinct meaning: 1. must, to have to.

What is the past tense of 'müssen'?

hat gemusst / musste

What is the er/sie/es form of 'müssen'?

er/sie/es muss

What is 'müssen' related to?

The word 'müssen' is related to *mē(d)-.

Where can I learn more about 'müssen'?

Here are some articles where you can learn more about 'müssen':

German Present Tense – haben, sein and Modal Verbs
German has a few "irregular" verbs - haben, sein and wissen, and the modal verbs können, wollen, müssen, dürfen, sollen and mögen. Today, we do present tense.
Vocab: haben, sein, wollen, können, mögen, dürfen, sollen, müssen, wissen
Read article

Stand-Alone Modal Verb – Authentic Sounding German
In spoken German, modal verbs don't always come with a second verb. And that doesn't always mean that it's skipped. A great way to sound more natural.
Read article