“Je… desto…” – in German

Hello everyone,

and welcome to our German Word of the Day and today we’ll take a look at the meaning and the grammar of the awesome combo

je … desto …

Suppose you want to express how some ‘quantity’ depends on some other ‘quantity’. In English, there is one word that will do the job for you…  the .

• The more I study, the wiser I become.
• The longer I think about it, the less I want to see this movie.
• The bigger the better.

In German, one word is not enough to do this. You need a team:  je… desto … .

Je is kind of a weird, hard to define word. It’s part of words like jemand (somebody),  jeder (everybody) or Jesus (good hearted dude) and it can also stand alone. Then, it can mean ‘a‘ in sense of ‘per’  or ever, in the context of at one point.

• Die Äpfel kosten 10 Euro je Kilo. (saying “pro” is more common in daily life)
• The apples are 12 Dollars a kilo.

• Has grammar ever been fun?
• Hat Grammatik je/jemals Spaß gemacht?

Think of it as just a general pointer. Don’t think about it at all. It doesn’t really matter all that much :).
Now, desto by itself does not have a meaning, so that one, you will only see it in combination with je to express the the-the-relation. I just bit my tongue, by the way :)
And now it’s time for examples. 

• The more I study, the wiser I become.
• Je mehr ich studiere, desto weiser werde ich.

• The more I sleep the more tired I am.
• Je mehr ich schlafe, desto müder bin ich.

Both words, je and desto can actually be replaced by the word umso.

• Je früher ich aufstehe, umso länger ist mein Tag.
• The earlier I get up, the longer my day is.

• Umso mehr ich nachdenke umso weniger gefällt mir die Idee.
• The more I think about it, the less I like the idea.

What doesn’t really work is the combination  umso… desto. Don’t ask me why but it just sounds wrong to me.
I would recommend staying away from umso anyway. First of all, it’s not all that common to begin with, and second of all, you will very likely pronounce it quite similar to um zu, which means ‘in order to’. That’ll make it really hard for a native speaker to understand what you’re trying to say. So stick with our tag-team je… desto. It’s what people use the most anyway.

Now, originally, the article ended right here. But in the comments, two questions have been coming up that are kind of sort of important. So I decided to address them here.
Still, you should read the comments. They’re awesome!
Anyway, so the first thing I want to add is about structure.

“Je … desto…” and word order

Je is like dass or weil in that it kicks the verb from its comfy position two and makes it go all the way to the end.

• Ich denke viel über den Film nach.
• I think a lot about the movie.

This is a normal statement, and with je it turns into this:

• Je mehr ich über den Film nachdenke, desto…
• The more I think about the movie, the…

And what about desto? Well, it’s better to look at the entire je… desto...-structure as one block. So the verb has to come right after it.

• Der Film macht wenig Sinn für mich.
• The movie makes little sense to me.

This is a normal sentence. And now we add our je desto and it becomes this

• [Je mehr ich über den Film nachdenke, desto weniger Sinn] macht er für mich.
  (Wenig Sinn macht der Film für mich.)
• The more I think about the movie,        the less sense it makes to me.

Basically, we moved wenig Sinn into position one and then added a comparison to it. The crucial point is that after the entire je…desto-phrase comes the verb.
So, that’s what we need to know about word order.
And now for the other big question that came up in the comments – the cases.

Which case to use after “je … desto …”

If you’ve got a few months of German under your belt, you probably know that sometimes the case you need to use depends on a preposition. So it’s no wonder that people asked which case comes after je… desto. 
The answer is… every case :). Not at the same time, of course. That would be case-ception.
What I mean is that je and desto don’t care about cases because they’re not prepositions. The case entirely depends on the function of the element in the sentence.

• Je mehr guten Wein (acc) ich trinke, desto mehr billiger Wein (nom) wird mir angeboten.
• The more good wine I drink, the more cheap wine is offered to me.

  (this example doesn’t make all that much sense… I just wanted to show the cases, don’t think to hard about it :)

• Je mehr Geld (nom.) in meiner Tasche ist, desto mehr schönen Frauen (dat.) kaufe ich Blumen.
• The more money there is in my pocket, the more beautiful women I buy flowers.

Not sure, if that second one is proper English, but I hope you can see that je desto really have no influence on the case.
Cool.
So that’s it for today. This was our look at the very very hyper useful combination je… desto… and you definitely should learn and use it. If you have any questions just leave me a comment.
Hope you enjoyed it and see you next time.